21. Vatican I and II: Roman Catholicism and Modernity
VATICAN I: Origins Three centuries separated the council of Trent (1563) and the twentieth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church...
20. Ennis and the Gospel: 1600 to 1900
The main centre for Christian worship in Ennis since the 13th century was the old Franciscan Friary. Between 1536 and 1543 Henry VIII...
18. The Anglican Reform: The Middle way?
The English Crown’s Response to Lutheranism By 1521 Luther’s ideas had begun to influence the English universities. In reaction to...
17. The Council of Trent and the Counter Reformation
Catholic Diversity in the Medieval Era It is important to remember that Roman Catholic theology had many various views and different...
14. Attempting Reformation: Jan Hus
The Church. Where can it be found? The Great Papal Schism (1378–1417) caused many to question where the true church could be found. Papal...
13. Attempting Reformation: John Wycliffe
The State of the Church circa 1415 One hundred years before the Reformation the western church was in dire need of reform. There were...
12. Limerick and Canterbury: Church and Atonement
Viking Raids in Ireland Viking raids in Ireland began c. AD 795 at the island of Lambay (Dublin Bay). Viking success in Northern France...
11. The Crusades
The Rise of Islam Beginning in the seventh century Islamic conquests took over Arabia, Persia, Palestine, North Africa, Spain and...
10. The Great Schism of 1054 and the Mother of All Heresies
The Mother of All Heresies The fourth century Patriarch of Constantinople John Chrysostom remarked in his commentary on Galatians that “…...
9. Penance: A Medieval Pastoral Impasse
A Pastoral Impasse As the Church developed its pastoral care there emerged a difficulty in dealing with Christians who seemed to keep...
